13 best drugs for memory and attention

*Review of the best according to the editorial board. About the selection criteria. This material is subjective, it is not an advertisement and does not serve as a guide to purchase. It is necessary to consult with a specialist before purchase.

Human memory belongs to the higher mental functions, without it it is impossible to think, analyze and synthesize the information received. Memory is currently referred to as one of the properties of the central highly organized nervous system that allows for the storage, accumulation, and reproduction of information received from the outside. Also, memory allows you to reproduce it repeatedly, and change it, that is, memory is the basis of learning and the formation of a purposeful skill.

The more perfect the central nervous system, the greater the memory capacity, the greater the reliability of information retention, and the shorter the time required for reproduction and the higher its speed. The more neurons, and the more developed the network between them, the better the above conditions are met. Therefore, at present, of all creatures living on earth, man has the best indicators relating to various types of memory. But the decline and deterioration of memory is called hypomnesia.

In addition to hypomnesia, there are so-called paramnesia, which are associated not with memory impairment, but with its perversion. These include, for example, pseudoreministrations and confabulations, which are well known to psychiatrists dealing with chronic alcoholism. These are false “insertions” instead of the forgotten episodes, different mixing of real and imaginary, past and present.

As for hypomnesia, it usually occurs in old age, being a normal phenomenon of age-related involution of the central nervous system, that is, a “planned” deterioration of its higher functions.

What are the causes of memory problems?

However, hypomnesia can occur at any age, sometimes it is a consequence of various organic diseases accompanied by brain damage. The most common causes of memory problems are:

1. Severe craniocerebral injuries with prolonged loss of consciousness;
2. Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes (the larger the focal volume, the more severe the memory impairment);
3. Neuroinfections, such as tick-borne encephalitis, neurosyphilis and herpetic encephalitis;
4. Severe forms of epilepsy with loss of consciousness, epistaxis;
5. focal neoplasm of the brain.

Very often various metabolic and exogenous intoxications lead to a significant decrease in memory. These are chronic hepatic and renal failure associated with the accumulation of nitrogenous substances in the blood, malignant jaundice. Exogenous intoxications most often include chronic alcoholism and drug addiction.

Memory impairment may also develop due to disruptions in the adaptation mechanisms against a background of increased mental load and systematic lack of sleep. These are periods of preparation for exams, excessive tension at work, lack of opportunity to rest, unfavorable environmental conditions. All this leads to memory impairment.

Currently, there are a large number of different drugs, vitamins and supplements that are designed to improve the metabolism of nervous tissue, blood supply and microcirculation, affect certain receptors, and thus stimulate memory mechanisms.

Many medications will be considered in this ranking, and may be prescribed for a wide variety of conditions accompanied by impairment of memory and attention as a cognitive function. However, there is a group of remedies that will not be reflected in this ranking. First of all, they are homeopathy, which has no evidence base and no scientific effect, such as Divase. Also, remedies based on biological extracts from any animal organisms will not be reflected in the rating. These are Cerebrolysin, Actovegin, Cortexin, and other drugs. They are not used in countries with developed medicine, and have no proven effectiveness by the rules of international research. For all other drugs in this review, the price is current as of May 2019.

Rating of the best drugs for memory and attention

The best nootropics

Nootropics are a fairly large group of drugs that can improve cognitive function, while they do not significantly affect the microcirculatory bed and the blood circulation of the brain. However, many of these drugs improve the rheological properties of the blood in one way or another. Their main quality is to improve attention, memory and recall mechanisms, they increase the resistance of the central nervous system to mental and physical stress, and therefore can be recommended as an aid to memorizing large amounts of material, in the period before exams and student sessions.

Let us consider the best known drugs of this group. Also in this group were classified as Recognan and Gliatilin, because their effect is closest to that of nootropics.

Nootropil (piracetam) – Lucetam, Memotropil, Nootobril, Noocetam, Piramem

Rating: 4.9

Nootropil, or Piracetam, is one of the main nootropic drugs on which there is a definite evidence base. The drug belongs to the metabolites of gamma-aminobutyric acid, and improves impulse transfer between neurons. It has a slight effect of improving microcirculation, while also increasing blood flow. The use of nootropil in patients with functional disorders of memory and attention improves these parameters, and this can be indirectly confirmed by changes for the better in brain rhythms on electroencephalography. Piracetam is used for a variety of memory and attention deficits, but only if the patient has not been diagnosed with dementia. Nootropil should be taken orally, with meals or without meals, 3 times a day, the average daily dose is one capsule 2 – 3 times a day. Produces Nootropil by the Belgian company USB, and 30 capsules of 800 mg costs on average 240 rubles.

Advantages and disadvantages

The disadvantage of Nootropil, and at the same time the advantage is the fact that this drug has long been used, all its good and bad sides are known. So, piracetam has almost no symptoms and signs of overdose, and the side effects show a clear dose-dependence. Thus, the incidence of side effects, on average, did not exceed 1%. It is hypersensitivity, headache, nausea, skin itching. The drug is not recommended for use during pregnancy and lactation, due to the lack of necessary research.

Fezam (piracetam + nootropil) – Combitropil, Piracesin

Rating: 4.8

Fezam is a combination drug that belongs to nootropics and psychostimulants, and in addition to piracetam, it contains tsinnarizin. Cinnarizine belongs to calcium blockers and histamine receptor antagonists, and this combination produces a vasodilator effect, protects brain cells from hypoxia, and improves attention and memory mechanisms. Additionally, the use of cinnarizine helps patients with dizziness and increased sympathicotonia when it comes to vegetovascular dystonia.

Fezam is used in the treatment of cerebral atherosclerosis, in the recovery period after strokes and brain injuries, in organic lesions such as encephalopathies of various genesis. It treats chronic alcohol intoxication, condition after severe diseases with asthenia and lack of mobility. Fezam also finds its application in otoneurology. It is prescribed for tinnitus, Meniere’s disease, and central forms of vertigo. Fezam can be taken in short courses for seasickness and air travel, for the purpose of prevention. Fezam should be used one to two capsules three times a day for no longer than 3 months in the case of adults. Exam is produced by the Bulgarian company Balkanpharma, and a pack of 60 capsules costs 270 rubles.

Advantages and disadvantages

One of the disadvantages of Fezam, and a very significant one, is the fact that Cinnarizine can lead to parkinsonism, that is, disorders of the extrapyramidal nervous system, despite the fact that the drug is very well tolerated and does not cause symptoms of overdose.

Therefore, it is necessary to apply it as short courses as possible, and in no case should it be prescribed to patients with Parkinsonism and Huntington’s chorea. Other contraindications would be children under 5 years of age, pregnancy and lactation, hemorrhagic stroke, severe liver and kidney disorders, psychomotor agitation syndrome.

Phenibut (aminophenyl butyric acid)

Rating: 4.7

Fenibut refers to preparations of amino butyric acid in a slightly modified form. Its characteristic feature is not to activate the patient, as in the previous case, but on the contrary, it improves sleep, relieves anxiety and tension. Phenibut can have a positive effect on epileptic seizures, despite the fact that it does not have pronounced anticonvulsant activity. It is very good for mild treatment of irritability, emotional overstrain, and mild memory and attention deficits. Phenibut is able to increase mental performance, raises interest in various activities, increases initiative and motivation.

Therefore, this drug is indicated for functional disorders, with neurosis, mild forms of anxiety and fear. In older age it is recommended for the treatment of mild forms of insomnia, various types of vertigo, for the prevention of anxiety and stress before various medical interventions, for example, before an MRI in case of a fear of confined space. In pediatric practice, it is used in the complex therapy of bedwetting and stuttering.

Phenibut is also prescribed for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Phenibut is usually used for one to two months in an average dosage of 250 mg 3 times a day for adults. The maximum single dose is three tablets, respectively nine tablets a day, or 750 mg three times a day. Phenibut is produced by domestic pharmaceutical company Ozon, and it is inexpensive. A pack of 20 tablets of 250 mg costs only 103 rubles.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantage of Fenibut is a mild sedative effect and functional improvement of sleep. Therefore it is preferred in cases of sufficiently mild forms of disorders when hypnotics and antidepressants are not yet indicated, but herbal remedies such as valerian or St. John’s wort extracts are no longer helpful. This “transition zone” is quite convenient for the doctor and the patient, and Phenibut is exactly in this medication zone.

But at the beginning of treatment, the patient may experience drowsiness, and there are symptoms of overdose. This drowsiness, decreased blood pressure, increased eosinophils in the blood, nausea and vomiting. Of the side effects, all of the above occur only at high doses, and in therapeutic concentrations Fenibut is well tolerated. If it is used together with hypnotics and anticonvulsants, Fenibut intensifies their effect, allowing you to reduce their dosage. Phenibut itself, given its low cost, allows in some cases enough to save on expensive anticonvulsants and atypical neuroleptics, which are used to treat serious forms of depression.

Recognan (citicoline) – Ceraxon

Rating: 4.6

Recognan is the original preparation of citicoline, and when taken orally, and getting into the central nervous system, integrates into the cell membrane of neurons and restores it in the necessary areas. As a result of this improvement in nerve tissue metabolism, taking Recognan has a nootropic effect and may help with memory impairment. In addition to memory and thinking disorders, Recognan is indicated for the treatment of other cognitive disorders – in the complex therapy of strokes, in neurodegenerative diseases.

One indication for the use of Recognan is hypertensive encephalopathy in the elderly, which causes chronic ischemia of brain tissue. As a result, not only does the patient’s memory and ability to follow instructions deteriorate, he also develops lack of initiative, difficulty in serving himself in everyday life and in performing normal household chores. Recognan helps to overcome these unpleasant symptoms of involution of the nervous system, increases the level of attention, and eliminates the symptoms of amnesia. The drug is also shown in the complex therapy for craniocerebral trauma.

Recognan in the form of an oral solution should be administered one dose once a day. Recognan is produced by the Spanish company SAG and a 10-dose solution costs 1,315 rubles., Which is not cheap. There is also a cheaper, high-quality generic of Recognan, which is Ceraxon. It costs less than 1000 rubles.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantage of Recognan is a convenient “take it and forget it” dosage form, lack of possibility of overdose, and rare interaction with other drugs: only the effects of levodopa are enhanced by it. There are also contraindications. Besides hypersensitivity, it is a high tone of parasympathetic nervous system departments, the so-called vagotonia, age under 18 years old, pregnancy and breastfeeding period. The drug is usually well tolerated, quickly achieving improvements in memory and attention, but very rarely, literally in hundredths of a percent, allergic reactions, tremors, changes in blood pressure, or dizziness may occur.

Gliatiline (choline alphoscerate) – Cerepro, Cereton, Gleaczer

Rating: 4.5

Gliatilin, or choline alphoscerate, comes in capsules that look a little like fish oil capsules: they are soft, oval, and yellow in color. This substance is converted in the body into acetylcholine, which is the carrier of nerve transmission between the synapse and the muscle tissue. Therefore, the appendix of action of Gliatilin is the cholinergic receptors of the central nervous system. In addition, the breakdown of the starting substance produces glycerophosphate, which can improve the structural structure of neuronal membranes, and thus improve the transmission of nerve impulses.

Gliatilin is indicated for various craniocerebral injuries, brain contusions in the acute period, chronic diseases of organic nature with the development of cerebrovascular insufficiency: chronic cerebral ischemia, hypertensive encephalopathy. Gliatilin is prescribed for Alzheimer’s disease, in the recovery period of ischemic stroke, in extrapyramidal diseases such as Huntington’s chorea. Gliatilin is produced by the Italian company Medipharm, and 10 vials for internal use of 7 milliliters each cost about 740 rubles.

Advantages and disadvantages

The pluses of Gliatilin can be considered its selective effect on the cholinergic system, good tolerance, and improved receptor function. However, note that the drug should not be prescribed to pregnant and lactating women, and of the side effects nausea is possible. It is dose-dependent, and when the dose is reduced, this unpleasant side effect disappears. Currently, Gliatilin is used somewhat more extensively than the existing indications, and is prescribed for increased mental load, during recovery from various severe diseases that could lead to nervous exhaustion.

Improves cerebral circulation and microcirculation

This group of drugs includes mainly those drugs that improve cerebral blood flow, and thus have a secondary effect on the nootropic effect and memory due to the influx of more nutrients to the neurons, due to the timely removal of metabolic products from them. So, Kavinton comfort is the third generation of the original Hungarian vinpocetine, Vinpotropil is a combination preparation of vinpocetine and piracetam nootropic. Trental is a drug that is used for many peripheral circulatory disorders, but it is also indicated for memory and attention disorders. Two other drugs were assigned to this group based on the development of their respective effects and effects on cerebral blood flow. Consider these popular drugs, of which the most expensive in the group is Sermion (Nicergolin).

Cavinton comfort (Vinpocetin)

Rating: 4.9

Vinpocetine, or small alkaloid of Barvinac was first obtained by the Hungarian company Gedeon Richter, then the drug form Cavinton was created as a drug that improves cerebral circulation. The standard tablet contained 5 milligrams. Then the tablets Kavinton forte were released, with a doubled dosage (10 mg) due to good tolerability. Currently, the company Gedeon Richter produces Kavinton comforte, which also has a dosage of 10 milligrams, but it is dispersible tablets, which must be sucked into the mouth until completely dissolved, and you can not wash them with water at all.

The mechanism of action remains the same. Vinpocetine improves glucose and oxygen uptake by neurons, improves metabolism of mediators in nervous tissue, shows antioxidant effect and improves microcirculation. The mechanism of effect on the blood is to reduce platelet aggregation and reduce blood viscosity. Cavinton comfort is indicated in the treatment of cognitive disorders, memory and attention deficits, the treatment of stroke after-effects, hypertensive encephalopathy. It is prescribed for vascular disorders of vision, Meniere’s disease, and central and peripheral vestibulopathies.

The drug should be taken one tablet three times a day, and the effect, associated with better memory, should be expected not earlier than 2-3 weeks after taking the. The tablet has an orange flavor, it must be sucked up until completely dissolved. But if the patient wants, he can take it as usual, with water. The cost of Cavinton comfort in an amount of 30 units for 10 days of use, 306 rubles., Accordingly, the cost of a monthly course will be about 1,000 rubles.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of Cavinton are the very rare development of side effects, good tolerability, a remarkable study of its doctors and relatively few contraindications. It is a severe heart rhythm disorder, hemorrhagic stroke, pregnancy and breastfeeding period, childhood. If liver and kidney function is impaired, Cavinton can be prescribed in the usual dosages. Cavinton showed the greatest effectiveness in the treatment of attention and memory disorders in combination with nootropic drugs and vitamins.

Vinpotropil

Rating: 4.8

Vinpotropil is a very convenient remedy that is created by analogy with Fezam, only instead of cinnarizine, the same vinpocetine has been added to piracetam. The result is a complex nootropic drug, while having a pronounced effect on the cerebral circulation. One capsule of Vinpotropil, which is produced by a domestic manufacturer – Canonfarma Production, contains 5 mg of Vinpocetine, which corresponds to one tablet of simple Quinton, and 400 mg of pyracetam, which corresponds to one capsule of Nootropil at the lowest dose.

This combination resulted in a drug that dilates blood vessels, improves cerebral blood flow and makes the cells of the central nervous system resistant to hypoxia. As a result of improved metabolism in brain tissue and increased glucose metabolism, memory, learning, and attention mechanisms improve accordingly. In the brain, excitation and inhibition of signals are optimized, communication between the hemispheres is improved, and the quality of synaptic transmission is improved.

At the same time, Vinpotropil is inexpensive, a pack of 60 capsules costs only 300 rubles. In this case, it is desirable to take vinpotropil one to two capsules three times a day, with a course duration of 3 weeks to 6 months. The capsules should be taken before meals, with a small amount of water.

Advantages and disadvantages

The successful combination of piracetam and vinpocetine in one capsule has not resulted in increased side effects and contraindications. They remained the same as for the original drugs: cardiac arrhythmia, hemorrhagic stroke, breastfeeding and pregnancy, childhood under 14 years of age, marked hepatic and renal insufficiency. On the other hand, you should remember that before you cancel Vinpotropil, you need to reduce its dose gradually, and not cancel it abruptly. However, you can save a little money when using this medicine, because this drug costs about half as much as the original Nootropil and Cavinton combined.

Trental (pentoxifylline)

Rating: 4.7

Trental is the original drug pentoxifylline, and it refers to vasodilators, agents that dilate blood vessels. It is indicated for a large number of different diseases. It is not only memory decline, but also in neurology – dizziness, cerebrovascular pathology and atherosclerosis, ischemic stroke and hearing loss. It is used in vascular surgery, for diabetic ulcers of the lower extremities, for thrombophlebitis, for Raynaud’s disease and peripheral vasospasm, and it is even indicated for diabetic gangrene.

Pentoxifylline itself refers to substances that increase blood flow and decrease blood viscosity. Trental, while in the blood, prevents the adhesion of blood cells into columns, that is, it prevents the aggregation of red blood cells and platelets. It reduces the concentration of fibrinogen, that is, it lowers the coagulation potential of plasma. Treatment with Trental has been shown to improve microcirculatory reserve in areas of arterial circulatory impairment, including strokes.

This drug is used orally, one tablet three times a day immediately after a meal or with a meal, in a dose of 100 mg. The maximum single dose is 400 mg, you can not take more than 1200 mg per day. Produces Trental company Sanofi (division in India), and a pack of 60 enteric-soluble tablets will cost on average, 510 rubles. Trental is also available as an infusion concentrate for intravenous injection.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantage of Trental is the possibility of using it in various branches of medicine, and a fairly rapid onset of clinical effect. However, this drug may increase the risk of bleeding, such as from a stomach ulcer or into the retina. Therefore, it is contraindicated in heart attack, hemorrhagic stroke, it is not used in pregnant and lactating mothers, persons under 18 years of age. With extreme caution, it is prescribed for severe heart rhythm disorders, against peptic ulcer and after recent surgery, when there is a high risk of bleeding.

Also pentoxifylline can cause a number of side effects, including headache, anxiety, tachycardia, blood rushes to the skin, skin itching. But if Trental is prescribed for the indications in low doses, it is a very good drug for the complex therapy of intellectual and mnemonic disorders, or cognitive dysfunction. And these include memory disorders.

Picamilon (nicotinyl gamma-aminobutyric acid)

Rating: 4.6

Pikamilon strictly speaking does not apply to the means of improving cerebral circulation, it ranks in the middle between them and nootropic drugs with psychostimulant effect. It is indicated for a wide variety of diseases occurring with impaired cerebral circulation, as it has anti-aggregation action, protects against hypoxia, is able to prevent migraine attacks and calms.

Pikamilon is prescribed if diagnosed with memory and attention disorders, cerebrovascular disease, chronic alcoholism, migraine, depression and autonomic vascular dystonia, neuroinfections.

Pikamilon in memory and attention disorders should preferably be taken in one tablet of 50 mg, 3 times a day, for at least 2-3 months. Further treatment is imperative to continue under the supervision of a physician. The drug Pikamilon is produced by the domestic company Pharmstandard, and a pack of 30 tablets of 50 mg will cost 95 rubles. It is an inexpensive and popular drug.

Advantages and disadvantages

At the same time, Pikamilon is well tolerated, has few contraindications, of which only severe kidney disease with a marked decrease in glomerular filtration, hypersensitivity. Side effects such as nausea, dizziness, irritability and allergic reactions are rare.

Sermion (nitergoline)

Rating: 4.5

Sermion is a good drug that stands a little on the side by nature, as it belongs to alpha-adrenoblockers, and they are not often used to treat memory and attention disorders. However, the main indication for administration of Sermion is vascular disorders such as vascular dementia, transient cerebral ischemic attacks, chronic cerebral ischemia, ischemic stroke and cerebral atherosclerosis.

Naturally, it is most often all of the above vascular diseases that eventually lead to memory and attention disorders, since this pathology is most often found in adulthood and old age. Therefore, we can safely recommend Cermion as a first-line drug to age-matched patients diagnosed with arterial hypertension against a background of fairly high cholesterol numbers.

Nicergolin itself, as an active ingredient, reduces platelet aggregation, increases blood flow, and acts on all three neurotransmitter links: noradrenaline, dopamine, and acetylcholine. In general, the activity of these systems increases, resulting in improved memory and attention, and if the treatment is prolonged, patients steadily improve all cognitive functions and reduce the symptoms of dementia.

This drug should be administered in 10 mg 3 times a day. Produces Cermion by Pfizer, but it should be remembered that the pronounced effect of the drug develops gradually, and it takes at least three months to be able to note a significant improvement in memory and concentration. Sermion is also available as a solution for intramuscular and intravenous injections. 50-tablet package. At 0.01 g costs about 675 rubles in May 2019.

Advantages and disadvantages

Sermion, despite its advantages, has disadvantages, but they usually occur when administered intramuscularly or quickly intravenously. It is a decrease in blood pressure, which usually soon passes. Other side effects include dizziness, abdominal discomfort, a feeling of fever. But these effects mainly occur when administered intravenously. The drug should not be prescribed to pregnant and lactating women, patients with low blood pressure numbers, with bradycardia, with a high risk of bleeding and myocardial infarction. Also, gnitzergolin is not recommended for persons under the age of 18. But if it is used according to the indications, and in the necessary dosage, then after 2-3 months from it really appears clinical effect, which is expressed in improvement of cerebral circulation, activation of all transmitting systems, which leads to improvement of cognitive functions, including memory.

Individual group remedies

In conclusion, we should focus on several drugs that significantly improve memory and concentration, but it is difficult to assign them to any one group. Acathinol memantine is a drug that refers to NMDA – receptor blockers, and in passing, it is one of the best treatments for dementia. Pronoran is a drug that affects dopamine metabolism and is used to treat Parkinson’s disease. Tanakan is a product containing an extract of Ginkgo Biloba leaves, or a herbal remedy. However, at the same time, despite the fact that there are a large number of ginkgo biloba drugs, only for Tanakan at one time there was evidence of the effectiveness of this drug for memory impairment and dizziness.

Tanacan (ginkgo biloba) – Ginos, Memoplant

Rating: 4.9

Tanakan contains an extract of the famous Ginkgo Biloba. The range of uses for Tanacan is extremely broad. These are vertigo and sensorineural hearing loss, peripheral vascular pathology and Raynaud’s syndrome, arterial vasospasm, and decreased memory and attention, which psychiatry refers to as “mild cognitive dysfunction”. Tanakan is available both in a solution for oral administration, and in coated tablets, which are more convenient to use. The tablets are brick-red in color, and are indicated to be taken one tablet three times a day. Keep in mind that in order to achieve a sustainable effect, the minimum course of treatment must be at least 3 months. Therefore, there is an appropriate pack for this course, of 90 tablets. Produces Tanakan by the French company Bofour Ipsen, and the cost of a package is 1500 rubles.

Advantages and disadvantages

Tanakan is well tolerated and has a beneficial effect on memory function, but in some cases the drug should not be prescribed. It is an erosive – ulcerative lesion of the gastrointestinal tract in the acute stage, acute period of stroke and heart attack, a condition of hypocoagulation, or reduced blood clotting, pregnancy and breastfeeding, age under 18 years.

The best treatment would be to combine Tanakan with nootropic drugs and vasodilators, or agents that improve cerebral circulation in the absence of contraindications. This method helps to achieve a stable remission of mild to intermediate level cognitive impairment, a significant improvement in memory and cognitive functions, ability to maintain oneself at home and perform daily activities in elderly and senile age, including those at the initial stages of dementia. However, there is a special drug for the treatment of dementia, which is called Akatinol memantine.

Acathinol Memantine (memantine) – Maruksa, Memantal, Memantine, Memorel, Noogeron, Tingrex

Rating: 4.8

Akatinol memantine is a modern drug, which is produced by the German company Merz Pharma and is not cheap: 1,700 rubles for a pack of 30 pills of 10 mg. This substance reduces the effects of specific cortical neurons that act on certain brain structures due to insufficient release of dopamine. Memanthine reduces calcium intake into these structures, and thus preserves them from destruction. As a result, the drug dilates brain vessels, increases the resistance of nervous tissue to hypoxia, has a psychostimulatory effect, and can improve memory and attention mechanisms.

At the same time, Akatinol memantine improves resistance of the brain tissue to increased stress, reduces fatigue, and has a relaxing effect on the skeletal muscles, if the spasm is caused by angiocephalgia, migraine, or other causes. The drug should be taken at 5 mg per day, and then the dose can be increased by 5 mg each week. Usually the average dosage is 10 mg, and a pack of 30 tablets is designed for just one month of use. The maximum dose is 20 mg per day.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantage of Akatinol memantine is the fact that it is a specially created drug for the treatment of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. It has indeed been proven to improve memory mechanisms, delaying the timing of its destruction in the progression of dementia. However, this drug, like many others, has certain side effects: dizziness, constipation, increased blood pressure, allergic reactions. This remedy also has its own contraindications, such as severe liver failure.

On the other hand, since it is intended to treat dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, you should understand that these are age-related conditions, and it is likely that children, pregnant women and teenagers do not have these diseases. So although Acathinol memantine is contraindicated in “childhood,” in simple terms, children just don’t need it.

Pronoran (pyrebedil)

Rating: 4.7

Finally, to conclude the rating of drugs devoted to improving memory and attention, consider the infrequently prescribed drug Pronoran. The most common indication for its prescription is Parkinson’s disease and exogenous Parkinsonism. It improves the activity of dopamine receptors, and is an antagonist of the alpha-adrenergic system. As a result, amplitude coefficients of cortical electrical activity are improved, and control of dopamine-controlled functions is increased. These include, but are not limited to, attention, memory, activity, and alertness. These functions are improved by the need to perform various mental tasks.

In addition to Parkinson’s disease, Pronoran can be used for a variety of ophthalmic diseases caused by retinal ischemia, chronic memory impairment, the initial stages of aging accompanied by sensory deficits. Pronoran is produced by the French company Servier, its Russian division. A pack of 30 tablets of 50 mg, will cost, on average, 490 rubles.

Advantages and disadvantages

Pronoran has contraindications for use – it is low blood pressure, heart attack and childhood, when it is simply not needed yet. There are also minor adverse reactions, such as nausea, agitation, drowsiness – but they usually go away, and depend on the dose. Remember, for memory and attention disorders, take one tablet once a day, not more often. Higher doses are only for treating Parkinson’s disease. If Pronoran is taken under medical supervision as part of complex therapy, patients usually experience a significant improvement in cognitive functions, memory and attention come back to normal, if not the patient himself and relatives note a significant reduction in unpleasant memory impairment.