Basic materials used in construction for walls of buildings, most often not aesthetic and ugly. To improve the appearance of such structures, finishing works are often carried out under which the brick is applied. It can be both standard and non-standard dimensions (but nevertheless approved by GOST). What types of facing bricks exist today, tell me in this article.
Purpose and variety
Built-in buildings with brick not only enlarges their appearance, but also creates additional protection against the adverse effects of the external environment, and also increases the strength of the erected walls.
Classification of bricks is carried out by several main features:
- on manufacturing technology – full and hollow;
- according to the method of manufacture – with the help of special equipment or manually;
- By type of surface – smooth, grungy (matte);
- finishing;
- in color – red, white, yellow and t. D.;
- According to the manufacturing material – silicate, hyperpressed (concrete), clinker, ceramic;
- By way of hardening – ceramic (by oven), bump.
Hollow bricks, in addition to lightweight weight, compared to full-length, also better retain heat (on average by 10-15%).
Ceramic bricks are obtained by high temperature firing prepared and formed mixture consisting of easel of red clay with various additives corrective thermoplasticity. Such additional elements include quartz sand, wood sawdust, ash, coal dust and t. D.
The main difference between the usual and facing brick is more accurately prepared all the ingredients to the product formation stage itself. This helps to reduce the probability of cracks and the appearance of unaccounted elements capable of taking the appearance of the product.
The finished product is distinguished by very large moisture resistance, strength and ability to conserve heat. Ceramic facing brick is produced in all variety of colors and textures, which is achieved by adding mineral coloring substances to the brick mixture, such as chromium oxide, iron and manganese ore and other components.
Clinker brick for several parameters is similar to ceramic, but differs in the composition of raw materials and firing modes. To create a clinker, take medium and refractory clay, therefore, and heat treatment requires higher temperatures.
The lawsuit of this is that in terms of moisture resistance and strength clinker brick exceeds ceramic. But he is inferior to him in the preservation of heat. This minus is leveled by the fact that the clinker has the ability to effectively resist the devastating effects of frost.
In colors and textured relationship, this type of lining bricks is on a par with ceramic.
Hyperpressed, or concrete brick is made from a mixture of cement, granite crumb and water. This type of facing is not subjected to burning, bricks simply form from the mixture, and the process of frosting proceeds by naturally.
In the question of the strength, hypercastered bricks will not “pass” to clinkers, they are very resistant to different external influences. Excellent appearance is provided by the rich color range of finished products.
Silicate facing bricks are made from a mixture of silicate sand with a haired lime. This product also does not undergo thermal processing by firing. Accelerate the process of solidification of the brick mass with the help of autoclave – installations providing high pressure and temperature.
At the moment, the popularity of silicate bricks has fallen greatly due to the poor gamut of color. As for technical indicators, they are at the proper level. Silicate bricks better absorb moisture, but more resist the processes of regular wetting, freezing and thawing.
Various texture of the surface of facing bricks is carried out mainly by applying sketches to a non-hardened mass until firing in the furnace
In addition to this method, the following methods of surface decor are also used.
- Togacity. Mineral crumb is applied on the bricks.
- Angobile. The surface of the product is covered by a special storage, which is influenced by an elevated temperature turns into a glossy film.
- Glazing. Largely similar to the Angodi method, the difference only in the thickness and durability of the film formed, since here these indicators are more.
Product size
Bricks for facing produce different dimensions.
Brick size table for facing
| View of facing bricks | Gabarites, mm | Mass, kg | |
| ceramic | Empty | 250 x 120 x 65 | 2.3; 2.6 – 2.7 |
| Forthotic | 250 x 120 x 65 | 3.6 – 3.7 | |
| Euro (hollow) | 250 x 85 x 65 | 2.1 – 2.2 | |
| Ceramic thickened | Empty | 250 x 120 x 88 | 3.2; 3.6 – 3.7 |
| Euro (hollow) | 250 x 85 x 88 | 3.0 – 3,1 | |
| Clinker | Forthotic | 250 x 120 x 65 | 4,2 |
| Empty | 250 x 90 x 65 | 2,2 | |
| Empty | 250 x 60 x 65 | 1,7 | |
| Clinker long | Empty | 528 x 108 x 37 | 3.75 |
| Concrete burly smooth | Forthoty | 250 x 120 x 65 | 4,2 |
| Forthoty | 250 x 60 x 65 | 2.0 | |
| Forthoty | 250 x 90 x 65 | 4.0 | |
| concrete smooth thickened bump | Forthoty | 250 x 120 x 88 | 6.0 |
| Ceramic handmade | Forthoty | 188 x 88 x 63 | 1.9 |
- Standard. Reference brick dimensions for facing – 250x120x65 mm. Differences for production products are found only in thickness. This does not apply to handmade products.
- Single. The thickness of this type of brick is 65 mm.
- Overhead. The thickness indicator for this type is 88 mm, and for double – 138 mm.
- Decorative. The reference sizes of decorative bricks may have such values - 250x120x65 mm, 250x90x65 mm and 250x60x65 mm.
- Euro. European manufacturers have somewhat different standards for lining bricks: for ceramic product – 250x85x65 mm, for thickened type – 250x85x88 mm.
Product parameters depending on the color
The most widespread shades of facing bricks – red, yellow, white.
The composition of raw materials for red brick includes iron, make it produced by firing at a temperature of about 1000 degrees. As a result, building materials receives high strength, durability and reliability in application. It is used to laying the foundation, walls, stoves and fireplaces.
Sand and lime – the main components of raw materials for the production of white building materials. Aesthetically attractive, frost and moisture-resistant, durable material is not affected by temperature jumps. From it build houses, pavilions, fences and t. D.
Yellow bricks are made of clay with the addition of cement and / or lime oxide. The main advantages are good thermal insulation properties and a small cost.
How to choose a facing brick, look in the video below.
